1 acl
Select Acceptance Level
 
Syntax: acl
    or: acl n
    or: acl auto
 
acl:      calculate and show all cells for current parameters
acl n:    select solution for ACL value n
acl auto: select solution that fits most reflections
 
Note acl auto may be not the solution you are looking for,
see Examples.
 
1 anglezero
Syntax: anglezero r
 
Tolerance for angles to present cell as triclinic, or as
monoclinic, orthorhombic, tetragonal, cubic or hexagonal.
Is used in combination with axiszero.
 
Default r = 0.1 degree.
 
1 axiszero
Syntax:  axiszero r
 
Tolerance for axes to present cell as triclinic, or as
monoclinic, orthorhombic, tetragonal, cubic or hexagonal.
Is used in combination with anglezero.
 
Default r = 0.05 Angstrom.
 
1 author
Show names and adresses of authors.
 
1 cad4file
Create dirax_Xcode.cat file to transfer dirax results to CAD4
later.
If a CAD4 is specified (with CDx, see there) the input file is
created in the corresponding directory CAx$DATA, with x = CAD4
number 0,1,2,..,7. If the CAD4 specification is omitted
dirax_Xcode.cat is created in the current (possibly not intended!)
Directory. In the file name dirax_Xcode.cat the 'crystal code'
Xcode is the as in the input file Xcode.drx used by dirax.
2 APPLICATION
Activate CDx> prompt
@dirax_Xcode
 
Effects:     ! comment
RI           ! set R-matrix found by dirax
LCH          ! set code 'H' and 'n' according to dirax solution
REIND        ! set indices using CAD4 REIND command (may fail...[*])
 
[*] if REIND destroys the dirax results then manual input:
             ! comment
  RI         ! enter dirax matrix
  LK         ! clear list
  1 25
  LH         ! enter H,K,L for dirax code 'H' reflections
  LS         ! try if CAD4 accepts this list
1 cdX
Select the CAD4 number x directory. (If you have got only one CAD4
x is always 0.) The cad4file command (see there) creates a .cat file
in that directory.
 
NOTE: if the command CDx is omitted the .CAT file is created in the
current (possibly not intended!) Directory and it may be not
accessible by the proper CAD4.
1 cell
Show cell parameters.
Primitive Bravais cell within tolerances given by
anglezero and axiszero, see there.
 
1 compare
If the cell volumes are equal but the cells are not congruent, or if the
larger cell volume is a multiple of the smaller, they are made congruent
by a linear transformation.
 
Syntax: compare NR1/LETTER1 NR2/LETTER2
NR1,NR2:          acl number or * for latest selected acl
LETTER1,LETTER2:  letter indicating previous saved solution
 
Example: compare 23 20     ! compare acl solutions 23 and 20
         compare a b       ! compare saved solutions a and b
         compare 23 a      ! compare acl solution 23 with saved solution a
 
See also save
2 compareangle
default 1.0
Two angles are considered equal if their difference is less than
compareAngle.
2 compareaxis
default 0.5
Two axes are considered equal if their difference is less than
compareAxis.
2 comparefactor
default 100
Only compare two matrices if Vol(a)/Vol(b) is less than CompareFactor
2 more
The output is rather self-explanatory:
If necessary A and B are swapped and made congruent first, by transforming
the cell B to B'. The transformation is expressed by relations between
(a',b',c') and (a,b,c).
The rotation axis connecting A and B' is given as components in XYZ, as
HKL (reciprocal space, a*b*c*) and as uvw (direct space, abc), the
rotation angle in degrees.
 
Sometimes more solutions are found (particularly from symmetry within the
cell), all geometrically possible, the crystallographer must interpret
them and decide. Rotation angles of (almost) 180 degrees  m a y  indicate
twinning with a common axis, small rotations  m a y  originate from two
fragments, but from twinning too, and to complicate things: both values
may be obtained from the same data. The solution with the smallest
rotation is the most interesting, in general.
 
2 special
Two special options exist:
  compare all    = compare all pairs of acl numbers
  compare save   = compare all saved solutions
 
1 CONDITIONS
         C O N D I T I O N S  F O R  U S E
        ===================================
 
 a. You may not copy DirAx neither the auxiliary files except for use by
    yourself or for use in your laboratory, institute, office and the like.
 b. You may not hand over DirAx in any form to third parties without
    provable permission from the author.
 c. You use DirAx at your own responsibility completely.
1 cry2drx
This is not an internal dirax command but a separate program to
create an Xcode.drx input file for dirax with reflection data from
an existing free CrystFile, i.e. not attached to a CAD4.
 
See also: read, cryX, fcryst, set4X
1 cryX
Select CAD4 number x
AND read reflections from currently attached CAD4x CrystFile.
x ranges from 0 to 7 included, with 0 for first CAD4, etc.
If you have got only one CAD4 its number is always 0.
 
See also: cdX, read, fcryst and set4X.
1 default
(Re)set default values for
levelfit, indexfit, dmax, anglezero, axiszero
 
See file dirax.init for definitions.
 
1 denzofile
Create dirax_Xcode.dat file to transfer dirax results to DENZO
later. The file is created in the current directory.
In the file name dirax_Xcode.dat the 'crystal code' Xcode is the
same as in the input file Xcode.drx used by dirax.
 
1 dmax
Syntax:  dmax r
r should be set to about twice the expected maximum axis length.
Default = 80 Angstrom
 
1 end
Exit dirax
 
1 EXAMPLES
 
The examples 1-4 are those given in the paper, from PC results.
The actual results may be slightly different (notably for example1)
due to modifications in program details, see readme.txt.
Only user input is shown in the Examples.
              ! note:
              ! this are comment lines,
              ! do not type.
 
Use the command example n to read example data.
 
2 ex00
ex00 - This is a straightforward model run for a single lattice. (In fact
too easy for DirAx.)
dirax           ! start program
example 0       ! read ex00.drx
go              ! run with defaults
loh             ! accept proposed ACL and show H indices
ro              ! show cell and [R] and [D] matrices
write           ! write file ex00.out for print-out
end             ! finish program
 
Note: without end DirAx remains active and you may continue
with other DirAx commands, e.g. read file_name, example nn
 
If appropriate use default (see there) to reset all
parameters before a next go.
 
2 ex01
ex01 - Data from a fragmented crystal. First run with default parameters
and accept proposed solution. Inspect the hkl list and note that more
reflections could be made fitting with a wider IndexFit: change
value to 6 and select the default solution.
 
dirax
example 1        ! data from a fragmented crystal
list             ! show input data
go               ! run with defaults
lo               ! note that some refl's might fit with...
indexfit 6       ! ...a more relaxed fitting criterion
acl              ! display solutions with new parameters
auto             ! select solution with most H refl's
lch invert       ! interchange n <--> H
go               ! go again with n-refl's only, for other lattice
end
 
The alien reflections do not form one lattice and cannot be
identified properly.
 
2 ex02
ex02 - Area detector data for a small protein, note narrow phiB region.
Set Dmax to 160. The crystal is known to be tetragonal, so there IS
something wrong with the data(conversion)!
 
dirax
example 2         ! area detector data for a small protein
dmax              ! display current dmax
160               ! dmax set larger than usual
go
lo                ! list H and n refls
write
end
 
You might try the default dmax = 80 and see what happens.
 
2 ex03
ex03 - Data from an incommensurate crystal from dr. J.L. de Boer,
Groningen. As usual these are very accurate data (from SET4 procedure on
CAD4). We know that problems might be ahead so we set LevelFit to 1/3000
(more severe criterion) to discriminate interfering reflections.
Note that super solutions are found with (almost) all reflections fitting.
We know however (aha!) that the correct volume is about 100 so we select
the appropriate ACL. In the hkl list you see that not fitting reflections
are at discrete distances from main lattice points.
 
dirax example 3   ! data from an incommensurate crystal
go                ! run with defaults
acl auto          ! first accept 'best' solution
loh               ! list fitting reflections
acl 16            ! now overrule superlattice (*)
loh               ! list fitting refl's (x)
lon               ! list satellite refl's
end
 
(*) Note that for this solution alpha = gamma = 90 and a = c,
so it is worth trying it. (Moreover the cell volume was expected
to be about 100, aha!)
 
(x) Note the extremely small errors (1/err): SET4 data from
dr Jan L. de Boer, Groningen, NL.
 
2 ex04
ex04 - One axis much longer than the others (more than 80 A), a classic
indexing problem. Set Dmax to 120 (200 will work too, not critical if
large enough).
 
dirax               ! one axis much longer than the others,..
example 4           ! ...a classic indexing problem.
dmax 120            ! increase dmax
go                  ! for the rest use defaults
lo                  ! inspect list
end
 
2 ex05
ex05 - Data from a twinned crystal. Default parameters. A super solution
is found for all reflections, which is common with real twins.
Note: It it not possible to give general rules for this sort of problems.
The super cell COULD be correct (and IS geometrically!) but you have to
consider crystallographical aspects. Here we select ACL 18 because this
looks promising.  Write results to file ex05.out1.
Continue with 'n' (not fitting) reflections only. Now the other lattice
is found. Write to file ex05.out2 and compare with .out1 later.
Normally with so few 'n' reflections a sub-lattice is found rather then a
congruent lattice. Then you have to search further selectively.
 
dirax
example 5          ! data from a twinned crystal
go                 ! run with defaults
acl 18             ! overrule super lattice solution ACL 25
go                 ! go again with H-refl's only, for 1st lattice
cell               ! cell etc. for 1st lattice
store a            ! save this solution
write ex05.out1    ! write file for print-out
lch
invert             ! H -> n and n -> H
go                 ! again with N-refls only, for other lattice
loh                ! list H refls for 2nd lattice
cell               ! cell etc. for 2nd lattice
store b            ! save this solution
write ex05.out2    ! write file for print-out
compare a b        ! compare the two solutions
.                  ! accept proposed solution
end
 
The super lattice is geometrically correct, but we know better.
The lattices with V=833.7 can be transformed to monoclinic C.
NOTE: as usually some reflections fit into both twin lattices.
 
2 ex06
ex06 - Inaccurate data. Start with default run and note that all solutions
imply only a few fitting reflections. Raise IndexFit to 9 (for
example). Now the best solution fits more or less 24 reflections.
 
dirax example 6 go ! inaccurate data, try default run first
loh                ! only a few fitting reflections
lon                ! note that many refl's could be made fitting...
indexfit 9         ! ...with less severe IndexFit
acl                ! calculate solutions with new IndexFit
auto               ! select default solution
lo                 ! note errors: about 10 times as large as normal
end
 
Reflection nr 10 is a real outsider.
 
2 ex07
ex07 - Not very accurate data and rather big(?) cell. A run with default
Levelfit 1000 gives a solution with not-fitting reflections which might
be halves.
Raising IndexFit does not help. Try a complete new run with LevelFit 300,
now an all-fitting solution is found. Which solution is to be preferred
crystallographically cannot be decided from this data alone.
 
dirax example 7 go ! default run
indexfit 4         ! try higher IndexFit
acl                ! display all solutions
auto               ! and select 'best' one
indexfit 2         ! restore default
levelfit 300
example 7          ! read data again
go
lo                 ! show results
end
 
2 ex08
ex08 - Twinned crystal and ill-distributed data. The first default run
gives a cell volume of 933.06. A second run with the 'n' reflections only
gives a volume of 2806.8. Finally, a last run with the reflections that
have become 'n' now gives a volume of 2799.8, so the problem is solved.
This shows that you may have to handle DirAx cunningly.
 
dirax example 8
go                 ! first run
lo                 ! show results
store a            ! save it
lch invert         ! change n to H
go                 ! second run
store b            ! save it
lch invert         ! change new n to H
go                 ! third run
store c            ! save it
compare b c        ! compare the last two solutions
.                  ! accept proposed solution
end
 
2 ex09
ex09 - Twinned crystal, giving a main lattice and a sub lattice.
Default run. Select the default solution (volume 2863).
Another cycle with 'n' reflections. Select default solution
volume 5731).
 
dirax example 9    !
cell               ! accept acl=17
lch invert
go
cell               ! accept acl=12
end
 
2 ex10
ex10 - Area detector data from a protein.
Set Dmax = 300.
Result: all reflections fit, cell volume 1,561,000 approximately. (Cell
can be transformed to cubic F.)
 
dirax example 10
dmax 300           ! change default
go
end
 
2 ex11
ex11 - This used to be a really difficult problem for older dirax versions.
Default run. One lattice with 11 fitting reflections, another with 10.
Reflections 3,13,15 and 20 do not fit at all.
dirax example 11
go
lch invert
go
end
 
2 ex12
ex12 - Twin, included because it is so nice. Default run. Two lattices are
found: the most fitting is the 'main' lattice, V=1973.3, 17 fitting
reflections (nr. 3 will fit with IndexFitFactor 3.00), the next best
fitting lattice is the twin sister, V = 1974.12, 7 fitting reflections.
This is an exceptional situation: mostly a run with 'n' reflections is
needed to find the twin lattice, as in ex09. Note that in both lattices h
and k are integer for all reflections.
 
dirax example 12 go
lo                   ! show fitting and nonfitting reflections
compare 18 7         ! compare the two lattices
.                    ! accept proposed solution
end
 
1 fastfile
Create dirax_Xcode.dat file to transfer dirax results to FAST later.
dirax_Xcode.cat is created in the current Directory.
In the file name dirax_Xcode.cat the 'crystal code' Xcode is the
same as in the input file Xcode.drx used by dirax.
 
2 APPLICATION
Activate MADNESS ENDEX level
ENDEX> use LCH to select reflections. Only 'H' reflections will be used
ENDEX> DIRAXF       ! create endex.drx
ENDEX> $DIRAX       ! start dirax
 
Dirax> read endex   ! read data
 
   do what you think you have to do
 
Dirax> exit         ! go back to ENDEX
 
ENDEX> @DIRAX_ENDEX ! get dirax results
 
2 EFFECTS
Effects:     ! comment
RI           ! set R-matrix found by dirax
LCH          ! set code 'H' and 'n' according to dirax solution
REIND        ! set indices using ENDEX REIND command (may fail...[*])
 
[*] if REIND destroys the dirax results then manual input:
  RI         ! enter dirax matrix
  LK         ! clear list
  1 50
  LH         ! enter H,K,L for dirax code 'H' reflections
  LS         ! try if ENDEX accepts this list
 
1 fcryst
Syntax: fcryst filename
Read reflections from CrystFile.
 
See also: read, cryX and set4X.
1 GETTING_STARTED
Read the separate file readme.txt
 
For a minimal run:
                        ! comment, do not type
dirax [file_name]       ! file_name is either given here OR after READ
read [file_name]        ! read data from specified free file
go                      ! do calculations with default parameters
final                   ! display results
cdX cad4file            ! write .CAT file for CAD4x
end                     ! exit dirax
 
See also: solve, MACROS, EXAMPLES
 
1 go
set-up triplets
set-up triplet vectors
calculate t-vectors
display all acl's that give a solution
2 go2
If the index_status before and after te previous go command did change
go2 is similar to go. If index_status remained the same, go2 is idle.
 
1 indexfit
Syntax:  indexfit r
Default: indexfit 2.0
indexfit is a factor applied to levelfit for establishing whether
a reflection fits (code 'H') or not (code 'n').
A reflection fits if the distance (in reciprocal space) between
the observed and calculated reflection position is less than
indexfit * levelfit reciprocal Angstrom.
 
Read readme.txt for details
 
See also: levelfit
 
1 lch                     ! comment
Syntax: lch invert        ! change H and n
    or: lch HHnHnHHn      ! set new status (for refl 1-8 only, here)
    or: lch               ! show old status and enter new
 
Can be used to change index_status before a next go.
See also macro's lchh,lchi and lchn
2 example
Dirax> lch
Nonfit:  7    1234567890123456789012345
Index status: HnHHHHnnnHnHHHHHHnnHHHHHH
              ------------nnn----------
Nonfit: 10    1234567890123456789012345
Index status: HnHHHHnnnHnHnnnHHnnHHHHHH
 
To enable a reflection use code H
To disable a reflection use code N
Use any other character to keep the current status
1 lchh
Equivalent to lch HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
Set index_status for all reflections to H
This is a macro definition from dirax.init
 
1 lchi
Equivalent to lch invert
This is a macro definition from dirax.init
 
1 lchn
Equivalent to lch nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn
Set index_status for all reflections to N
This is a macro definition from dirax.init
 
1 levelfit
Syntax:  levelfit n
Default: levelfit 1000
The parameter levelfit is set to 1/n
Default n = 1000, so default levelfit = 1/1000 reciprocal Angstrom.
It should indicate more or less the experimental precision,
but it is not very critical and 1/1000 is adequate for most cases.
 
See file readme.txt for details.
1 list
Syntax: list
Show input reflection list.
If no list was read no output appears.
 
See also: read, cryX, fcryst and set4X
 
1 lo
Display index status and indices for all reflections,
fitting or not.
 
1 loh
Display indices for fitting (code 'H') reflections only.
 
See also: indexfit
 
1 lon
Display indices for not fitting (code 'n') reflections only.
 
See also: indexfit
 
1 MACROS
See file dirax.init for defining new macros.
Use help \ alias for more information on macro's
 
2 final
Equivalent with: show lo cell
As you see you may enter several commands on one line.
 
2 solve
Short for: go acl auto 'final' write dirax.out cad4file end
Complete run with current parameters on current Xcode.drx.
Xcode from: read Xcode,
parameters from: default or by setting yourself.
 
NOTE:
The presented solution maybe NOT the one you are looking for,
see: acl.
 
Examples:
 
3 ex1
dirax s539a cd1 solve
- Read data from s539a.drx from current directory,
- calculate solution with maximum number of fitting
  reflections using default parameters,
- create file dirax.out with results for print-out,
- write dirax_s539a.cat in current directory.
 
Print-out with VAX command print dirax.out
 
3 ex2
dirax cry1 solve
- Read data from CrystFile Xcode.cry attached to cd1,
  (nr 1 because of CRY-- 1 --)
- calculate solution with maximum number of fitting reflections,
- create file dirax.out with results for print-out,
- write dirax_Xcode.cat in directory ca1$data.
 
To print the results use the appropriate VAX command.
1 read
Syntax: read Xcode
If no extension is given Xcode.drx is supposed.
Read an ASCII file (mostly Xcode.drx).
It may be obtained from editing, or from converting an
existing CAD4 CrystFile with cry2drx (see there).
Format:
 
    wavelength (Angstrom)
    5 to 50 lines with: Theta PhiB ChiB Netint
 
NOTE: >>>Bisecting<<< angles
(automatically with cry2drx).
All input in FORTRAN free format (see example in file readme.txt)
No empty lines before, between, or after the input.
Netint (for Net Intensity) is just for the record (see list and
lo) and it is not used as such, you may fill in any number or 0.
See also: cryX, fcryst and set4X.
1 Reference
  Reference: DirAx is described in: "Indexing in Single-Crystal
  Diffractometry with an Obstinate List of Reflections", by Albert J.M.
  Duisenberg, J.Appl.Cryst. (1992). 25, 92-96.
 
  NOTE: As a consequence of minor improvements and modifications in
  the program and machine dissimilarities you may get slightly
  different results than published here or in the paper.
 
1 remove
remove a previous saved matrix
Syntax: remove letter   ! remove saved matrix from list
    or: remove all      ! clear whole list
 
See also save and restore
 
1 restore
restore a previous saved matrix
Syntax: restore letter
 
See also save and compare
 
1 save
save one or all matrices for later use in the same dirax session
Syntax: save aclnr letter ! save aclnr as letter in the list
    or: save * letter     ! save last acl as letter in the list
    or: save all          ! save all ACL solutions
Use remove to clear the list.
See also restore and compare
 
1 set4X
Syntax: set4X
Select CAD4 number x
AND read reflections from CAD4x CrystFile Xcode_set4.cry with
current crystal code Xcode.
x ranges from 0 to 7 included, with 0 for first CAD4, etc.
If you have got only one CAD4 its number is always 0.
 
(The file Xcode_SET4.CRY with the SET4 angles is created in the
Utrecht automatic supervising and measuring system ARGUS/CAD4SHELL.
E-mail: schreurs@chem.ruu.nl for information.)
 
See also: read, fcryst and cryX.
1 show
Show actual parameter values
 
1 streak
Check all non-fitting reflections for a common factor.
 
f.e.
   h,k,l = 1.13  3.40  -4.50
  The common factor is 1.129
                 calculated  Observed
   1 * 1.129 =      1.129      1.13
   3 * 1.129 =      3.387      3.40
  -4 * 1.129 =     -4.516     -4.50
 
  So this reflection could be a streak of 1 3 -4
 
The common factor for all non-fitting reflections is displayed.
 
2 streakfile
Create a CAD4 readable instructionsfile (dirax_code_streak.cat)
to change those non-fitting reflections where the common factor
results in a fitting reflection. Those reflections need recentering.
 
1 version
show version number and date of dirax program
 
1 write
Syntax: write file_name
    or: write
 
Creates a file with final results, for print out.
If file_name is omitted it is set to dirax.out
in the current directory.
You may include a path in file_name.
Print the file with the VAX command print file_name.
1 \
Internal commands
commands:     full description of all commands
general:      general information
startup:      actions done at image startup
directory:    list of directory related commands
files:        list of file related commands
flowcontrol:  list of commands with some flow control capacity
graphics:     list of graphics related commands
help:         list of help related commands
keyboard:     list of keyboard related commands
process:      list of process switching commands
screen:       list of screen related commands
symbols:      list of symbols and aliases related commands
timing:       list of timing related commands
 
2 commands
3 @
Open a command input file and read until end-of-file
3 ALIAS
define/list aliases. Actions are dependent on the number of parameters.
Syntax: ALIAS              ! list all aliases
      : ALIAS a            ! list specific alias a
      : ALIAS a line       ! set alias a to 'line'
substitution is done via:
 a. always the first word of a line is substituted
 b. all following whole words are substituted if they are not preceded
    by an ALIAS,UNALIAS,IMPORT,EXPORT or STORE command
 c. substitution can be forced using single quotes. Use two single quotes
    to input a single quote.
The PID of the subprocess is stored in ALIAS PID
3 BACK
Return to previous directory
3 CD
Change directory
Syntax: CD new-directory-name
3 CLS
Clear terminal screen
3 CPU
Show cpu time used since last SETCPU
Syntax: CPU
3 DATE
Show current date
Syntax: DATE
3 DEFINE_KEY
change special key.
Syntax: DEFINE_KEY keyname equivalence_string
keyname can be
DELETE PF1-PF4 KP0-KP9 ENTER MINUS COMMA PERIOD
UP DOWN LEFT RIGHT
F6-F14 HELP DO F17-F20
FIND INSERT_HERE REMOVE SELECT PREV_SCREEN NEXT_SCREEN
CTRLa CTRLb ... CTRLz
3 DIR
Get a directory listing
Syntax: DIR              ! current directory all files and versions
        DIR name         ! specific directory. Use wild characters
3 ECHO
Set/reset echo of input commands
Syntax: ECHO ON/OFF/AUTO
ECHO ON : echo all input commands
ECHO OFF: do not echo input commands
ECHO AUTO: echo input commands only from files.
3 EDIT
Invoke edt editor
Syntax: EDIT filename
3 EVALUATE
evaluate an expression.
Syntax: EVALUATE expression
The result is shown on output and put into variable EVAL_RESULT
Available Functions         Constants
sin asin sind asind         Pi TwoPi PiOver2 Grad
cos axos cosd acosd
tan atan tand atand
sqrt exp log10 log
3 EXPORT
define DCL symbol with the same name as an alias
Syntax: EXPORT alias_name
3 HELP
Get help for current image (if existing)
3 HELPL
This help
3 IF
execute commands depending on a condition.
Syntax:
IF FILE filename commands    : Execute commands if filename exists
IF BATCH commands            : Execute commands if mode = BATCH
IF NETWORK commands          : Execute commands if mode = NETWORK
IF INTERACTIVE commands      : Execute commands if mode = INTERACTIVE
IF OTHER commands            : Execute commands if mode = OTHER
or negate with the statement IF NOT expression commands
3 IMPORT
Get the value of an existing DCL symbol
Syntax: IMPORT symbol_name
The value is stored in an alias with the same name as the symbol.
3 JOURNAL
Set journalling to an extra journal file.
SYNTAX: JOURNAL ON/OFF/SUSPEND
Use JOURNAL ON to enable journalling. If the previous state was
JOURNAL SUSPEND, then journal continues into the open file,
otherwise a new file is created with the name of the current image
and filetype .JRN
Use JOURNAL OFF to disable journalling.
Use JOURNAL SUSPEND to temporarily suspend journalling.
3 MKDIR
create new directory
Syntax: MKDIR new-directory-name
3 PAUSE
Wait until user enters the command GO. Pause is only activated if
the process mode = Interactive.
3 PREFIX
Change prefix character. Default = backslash (\)
3 REPEAT
repeat a command
Syntax:REPEAT n line
n = number of times to repeat the command 'line'
3 RENAME
Rename a file.
Syntax: RENAME old-file new-file
3 SECOND
Show number of cpu seconds used since last SETCPU
Syntax: SECOND
3 SETCPU
Initialise cpu timer. See CPU and SECOND
3 SET_FILES
change unit numbers for INPUT, OUTPUT, ERROR and LOG FILE.
Use a minus sign to leave unchanged.
Use 0 to disable a file
Default is SET_FILES 5 6 6 0
3 SPAWN
Start a subprocess to execute the rest of the commandline.
The PID of the subprocess is stored in ALIAS PID
3 STORE
save a previous result from evaluate.
Syntax: STORE name
The contents of EVAL_RESULT are put into 'name'
3 TIME
show current time
Syntax: TIME
3 UNALIAS
undefine aliases. Actions are dependent on the number of parameters.
Syntax: UNALIAS *   ! delete all aliases N.B. use the obligate star
                      with caution
      : UNALIAS a   ! delete specific alias a
3 VMS
Create a subprocess running VMS. Return to program with logout
3 WAIT
Syntax: WAIT r
The program will wait for r seconds.
3 WL
Set terminal width to 132
3 WN
Set terminal width to 80
2 directory
Directory related commands are:
 
BACK            change to previous working directory
CD              change or show working directory
DIR             show directory contents
MKDIR           create directory
 
See help \ commands for descriptions of these commands
2 files
file related commands are:
 
@               execute commandfile
DIR             show directoy contents
EDIT            invoke editor
JOURNAL         write input commands to file
RENAME          rename a file
 
See help \ commands for descriptions of these commands
2 flowcontrol
IF -F           execute if file present
REPEAT          multiple execution of commandline
 
See help \ commands for descriptions of these commands
2 general
Internal commands. All these commands are to be prefixed with a
backslash (\). This character can be changed with the \prefix command.
 
Alias subsitution is done using :
a. The first item is always substituted
b. between single quotes
c. after a quote (if only one exists)
 
3 substitution
  [x] = substituted by alias
 
  Input                            Output
--------------------------------------------------------
  Before             Alias_Found          No_Alias_Found
  abcd               [abcd]                 abcd
  ab'cd              ab[cd]                 abcd
  'abcd              [abcd]                 abcd
  ab''cd             ------                 ab'cd
  ''abcd             ------                 'abcd
  ab'c'd             ab[c]d                 abcd
  'ab'cd             [ab]cd                 abcd
  abcd'              ------                 abcd
 
one single quote will be removed, two succeeding single quotes are
replaced by one. The disable substitution, add a single quote to the
item.
If the first command is one of (ALIAS,UNALIAS,STORE,IMPORT,EXPORT) then
following items are not substituted (unless forced by quotes), otherwise
substitution is alwaysd tried.
2 help
HELP            image help
HELPL           this help
 
See help \ commands for descriptions of these commands
2 keyboard
keyboard related commands are:
 
@               execute commandfile
DEFINE_KEY      define special (function) keys
JOURNAL         write input commands to file
 
See help \ commands for descriptions of these commands
2 process
switching to processes can be done with:
 
SPAWN           execute command as subprocess
VMS             create subprocess
 
See help \ commands for descriptions of these commands
2 screen
screen related commands are
CLS             clear screen
ECHO            echo of input commands and command files
WL              set terminal width to 132
WN              set terminal width to 80
 
See help \ commands for descriptions of these commands
2 startup
Some aliases are created at image startup:
CONFIG_PATH    : directory path where configuration files reside
IMAGE_NAME     : name of the current image
USER_NAME      : name of user who invokes the program
WORK_DIR       : current directory
NODE_NAME      : node name
PROCESS_MODE   : Batch,Interactive,Detached etc..
PROCESS_NAME   : name of current process
 
At program startup two commandfiles are executed if they exist:
@GET_INP$INIT                      ! a logical pointing to a file
@'IMAGE_PATH':'IMAGE_NAME'.INIT
2 symbols
The following commands are involved with symbols
 
ALIAS           define or list aliases
UNALIAS         remove alias
EVALUATE        calculator
STORE           save result from EVALUATE
EXPORT          copy aliasname into symbol
IMPORT          copy symbol into ALIAS
VMS             create subprocess
 
See help \ commands for descriptions of these commands
2 timing
timing related commands are:
 
CPU             show cpu time used since last SETCPU
DATE            show date
PAUSE           wait for user (if INTERACTIVE)
SECOND          show cpu time used since last SETCPU
SETCPU          initialize CPU timer
TIME            show time
WAIT            wait a number of seconds
 
See help \ commands for descriptions of these commands
